She later elevated her son with Caesar, Caesarion, to co-ruler in name.Īfter Caesar's assassination in 44 BC, she aligned with Mark Antony in opposition to Caesar's legal heir, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (later known as Augustus). As pharaoh, she consummated a liaison with Julius Caesar that solidified her grip on the throne. By contrast, Cleopatra did learn to speak Egyptian and represented herself as the reincarnation of an Egyptian goddess, Isis.Ĭleopatra originally ruled jointly with her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes, and later with her brothers, Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV, whom she married as per Egyptian custom, but eventually she became sole ruler. The Ptolemies, throughout their dynasty, spoke Greek and refused to speak Egyptian, which is the reason that Greek as well as Egyptian languages were used on official court documents such as the Rosetta Stone. ![]() She was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, a family of Greek origin that ruled Ptolemaic Egypt after Alexander the Great's death during the Hellenistic period. Cleopatra VII Philopatorīust of Cleopatra VII, Altes Museum, BerlinĪugust 12, 30 ( 30-08-12) BC (aged 38–39)Ĭleopatra VII Philopator (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ Late 69 BC – August 12, 30 BC), known to history as Cleopatra, was the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. For other uses, see Cleopatra (disambiguation).
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